Use emsdk as external bazel dependency (#766)

* Makes provided bazel rules look up @emsdk workspace instead of local workspace
* Uses system-specific emscripten binaries instead of defaulting to linux
* Provides macros for loading emsdk dependencies (nodejs and emscripten binaries)
* Unhardcodes paths in bazel rules and .sh wrappers
* `update_bazel_workspace.sh` now updates `revisions.bzl`
* `emscripten_deps()` can be fed with specific emscripten version
* Adds external usage test

Addresses #650 and #696

bazel/test_external/hello-world.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  std::cout << "hello world!" << std::endl;
+  return 0;
+}